fieux



Oct. 22, 1929. J, FIEUX 1,732,677

' STABILIZING APPARATUS Filed Feb, 16, 1926 7 Sheets-Sheet l Egel.

Oct. 22, '1929. 1 FIUX v 1,732,677

STABILIZING APPARATUS Filed Feb. 16, 1926 '7 Sheets-Sheet 2 oct, z2, 1929. J FEUX 1,732,677

sTABILzING APPARATUS Filed Feb. 16, 1926 l7 Sheets-Sheet 3 Oct. 22, 1929. J. FlEUx STABILIZING APPARATUS '7 Sheets-Sheet 4v Filed Feb. 16. 1926 Oct. 22, 1929.

J. FiEux APPARATUS STABILIZING 7 Sheetls-Sheet 5 Filed Feb. 16, 1926 Eg. Il.

Oct. 22, 1929. 1 .F1EUX 1,732,677

STABILIZING APPARATUS Filed Feb. 16, 1926 7 Sheets-Shet 6 Qcvt. 22, 1929.

- J. FlEUX S TABILI Z ING APPARATUS Filed Feb. 1e, 192e 7 Sheets-Sheet 7 Patented oci. 2.2, 1929 JEAN FIEUX,` on PARIS, ERANcE, AssrGNoR or' ONE-HALE rro SCHNEIDER a 01E., A LIMITED JOINT s'recir COMPANY, or PARis, FRANCE sTAEiLiziNG APPARATUS Application iiled February 16, 1926, Serial N0. 88,636, and in' France April 9, 1925.

This invent-ion relates to an apparatus for maintaining a yvertical and meridian of a place regardless of the movements of a vessel or, in aircraft, of the fuselage, relatively to the vertical and the meridian of the place.

ln practice the invention'comprises a system of conjugated reference tables or platforms, with devices for maintaining them in horizontal planes, while one of them isat the same time maintained in a lined direction relatively to the points of the compass in spite of the movements made by the supporting' vessel or aerial vehicle.

The invention, in short, has for its subv'ect a device roducinfr for exam )le on board C7 vessels, what may be called an artiiicial horizon fixed with regard to the points ot the compass, that is to` say a system of members forming a reference table or platform, -suspended tc the hulland maintained in practically unchangeable relationship with regard tothe vertical and to the meridian of the place. v

This device is adapted to constitute a vposition indicating nia-rk the angular displace'- ments of which, relatively to the hull, may for example, be reproduced on suitable receiving devices and in any part or" the vessel. The indications thus collected may be utilized on the spot or at a distance, for example, for stabilizing platforms and supports for apparatus, for determining the amplitude and Speed of they angular movements ot the hull, for obtaining, whenlayingv guns, the compensation or correction which must be made inl order to allow orthe varying inclination ot the firing platforms, vfor tiring these guns automatically, for applying the method of inl direct tiring on board vessels, etc.

The device comprises essentially a'reference table or platformform'ed by a gyroscope of suitable'iiiass called the horizon stabiliz'er. The new device-is primarily charac- `terized by the feature that the orces'produced by kthe mechanisms connected to the said gyroscope-table which at each moment tend to deflect it from its plane, are compensated for by assistants or gun servers observing tor this purpose an auxiliary gyroscope of small mass, suspended' from the gyroscope forming the referencey or indicating table and substantially free from any disturbing iii- Huence. This gyroscope, which may be called the horizon indicating` gyroscope reveals, on account of its connection with the gyroscope-table, the deiiections of the lattercso that the assistants or gun servers who observe the displacements of the gyroscopetabl'e and the indicating or observation gyroscope relatively to each other, can act upon the first one in order to correct at any moment the observed deflections.`r l v vThe' installation comprises, conjugated with the horizon stabilizing gyroscope, la gyroscope of suitabe lmass stabilizing for Orientation relatively to the points of the vcompass, the deflections of which gyroscope are compensated for by assistant-s or gun servers observing a gyroscope indicating orientation relatively to the points of the compass, which gyroscope is mounted upon the same support as the orientation stabilizing gyroscope, the said'support connected to thegyroscopetable being adapted, however, to be freely turned relatively lto the latter.

If the invention is adapted for use on a sliip;'for example; the indications relating to the horizon `are given at eachmoment by the relative displacements between the p0si` tion indicating-or reference table formedl by thestabilizing gyroscope and thehull to which this gyroscope is suspended. A-

The indications relating to orientation with regard to the points of the compass are givenV by thel displacements of the common support vot the orientation stabilizing gyroscope and 'of its indicating gyroscope on the one hand,

and the reference table (stabilized withreY- gard to horizon) on the othery hand, 'relaitively toeacli other. Y

On account of the compensating couples applied by the observers the apparatus preserves practically this property of constituting a lined mark Whatever Ybe the resistances it'must overcome in order to produce the operation of the service devices, such as tachometers, angletransmitters, firing apparatus,

etc.

In practice and according to the invention, Y the two indicating gyroscopes are suspended, practically at their centre of gravity, from the frame which is stabilized as regards orientation. Each of them will be compensated for the effect of the diurnal movement, by an additional mass which imposes upon it a couple, of suitable value and orientation with regard to the points of thecompass, in the lield of gravity.

According to the invention also, the aXis 'of the rotating mass of the gyroscope indicating orientation, after having been brought into a north-south direction, is kept practically horizontal by the adjustable torsion ot the cable suspending the vertical frame of this gyroscope. Further, the axis ot the rotating mass of the orientation stabilizing gyroscope may be brought back towards its mean position bythe application of a torce tending to turn the trame set with regard to the/'points of -the compass, around its verticaljsuspension axis Finally the axis oaf the rotating mass of the h 'orizon indicating gyroscope is kept in a position very nearly vertical by the action otelectro-Inagnets which are energized according to the indications given by levels oi special construction, controlling the inclination of the reference vtable both in the longitudinal and transverse direc-tions of the viessel. l 4These levels,las described hereinafter, are constructed so as to be practically unaffected by the alternating,accelerations of very small period, such vas the accelerations dueto the rolling of the ship, as well as the inerti-a effects duel tothe turning and to the Yvariations inl speed -of the ship. l

A practicalitorm ot construction of the inven-tion isshown in the accompanying drawings, in which Figure 1 `shows the arrangement of the device in sectional 'elevation taken along the line V1-7-1 in Figure 3,theeasings of the gyroscopes servingk as vrreference marks being shown infcutside viey Y A `'Figure 2 is an outside View of the side on which vis placed the orientation indicating gyroscope. f Y 1 Y Figure 3 isanoutsideview of the side on whichis placed the horizon indicating gyroscope. i

vFigure iis a sectional elevation-taken along the line yin Figure 1 and shows ap-plan view" of gyrcscopes.

the reference or indicating Figure 6 1s asection taken alcngtheli-ne -5-'5 in "FigureV 2 with a plan view of the feo orientation stabilizing gyroscope.

v.Figure 6 lis 'a section'taken along the line 6'-6 iniFigure 2 with a vi'ew seen from underneath roi the compensa-ting devices for the indicating gy-roscogpes.

F iguref?v shows the form :ci the reference or datum marl'sprovided ,upon the horizon in-l -dicating fgyroscope;

Figure 8 shows the VVVferm 4of the reference or datum mark provided upon the orientat-ion indicating gyroscope.

Figure 9 is a plan section taken along the line 9-9 in Figure 1 showing the method of suspension of the arrangement.

Figure 10 is a view seen from above of the horizon stabilizing gyroscope and of the controlling levels.

Figures 1i and 17 show yin elevation and pla-n respectively, views ol the level serving tor adjustment in the longitudinal direction of the vessel.

Figures 11 and 13 show views of the arrangement or correcting the above mentioned level a part .being shown in section to a larger scale in Figure 11, the section being taken along the line 11-11 in Figure 10, and Figure 13 show-ing a sectional elevation of the arrangement. y y y 1 Figures 15 andl show a view in elevation and a view in plan respectively of the arrangement tor correcting the level serving for adjustment in the transverse direction of the vessel.y K A, p

Figure 12 is a view of a part of the last mentioned arrangement shown partly in section along the line 12-12 in Fig-ure 1Q. Y

The casing 1 forming 'a reference/table or platter-m contains a .gyroscopic mass -2 having a vertical axis which is rotatedv inthe known manner by an electric motor. This casing i's suspended inthe hull of the vesselby means oi" the support 3 to which it is integrally secured and the frame 4l which is pivotally mounted on the one .hand upon the hull by means of thetrunn-ions aand 6, and on the other hand upon the support '3 by `means 0l the trunnions 7 and 8.

The casing 1v is provided at its lower .part and in alignment with the axis of the rotating mass 2 with a Vertic'alpost 9 .about which turns the frame 10 of the arrangement which is oriented relatively to 'the points ofthe compass andis suspended from the prevvious arrangement -by means of the thrust ball-bearing 11 and the .gear 12 keyed upon the said post.

The frame 10 carries at i-tslower part, by means of the trunnions 13 and 14, the frame or casing 15 ci' the orientation stabilizing gyrosc'ope the mass 16 of which is rotated through the 'medium Vof an electric motorV about anaXis perpendicular to the line oi these trunnions and practically horizontal in its mean position. It is provided, also at its lower part, with seats 17, 18 and y19 and o'otrests 20,21 and '22 for the assistants for gunserveraas well as additional weights 23, .24 yand 25 enablingthe weights of these observers, whose'dutyitis to perform the cornpensating operationsto be balanced. Y

These observers-exert their factions, ene by mean-s of the (lever 26 Imounted xupon the 15 and the two others by meansef levers 27 and 28 pivotally mOun-tedfup'on iso forked members or straps 29 and 30. secured to the frame 10.y The levers 27 and 28 are also pivotally connected, by means of ball and socket ,joints 31` and 32, to the links 33 and 34 mounted by means of turning and oscillat- I ing joints upon the same pivot 35'integrally secured 'to the hull.

The central part of the frame 10 forms a table conjugated as described above with the table '1 and upon this table kare mounted a headindic'ator36, the shaftof the pinion 37 engaging with the gear 12 andactuated bythehand Wheel 38, the telescope 39 for sighting upon the mark 40 (Fig. 8) on the graduated disk' 41-providedupon the casing 42 of the 4orientation indicating gyroscope, as Well as the telescopes 43 and 44 enabling sights to be Ataken upon the datum marks 45 (Fig. 7) provided upon the graduated disks 46 and 47 provided upon the casing 48 of the horizon indicating gyroscope. p

The 'casing 42contains a gyroscopic mass the movement of rotation of which is maintained electrically vabout a horizontal axis placed approximately in the direction of the rod 49 which supports the graduated disks 41 andthe sliding Weight 50 serving ior compensating for the effect of the diurnal movement uponthe orientation indicating'gyroscope. It is pivotally mounted along a horizontal axis on trunnions 51 and 52 (Fig. 2) in the vertical frame 53 which is'itseli:l adaptedvto turn about a vertical axis in guides 54 and 55 secured to the frame 10.

yThe casing 48 ycontains a gyroscopic mass which isA maintained electrically in rotation about a vertical axis.l It is suspended from the framei10 by a Cardan arrangement comprising the horizontal frame 56. The line about which this frame turns in thesupports 57 and .58 secured to the frame is practicallyA parallel to the line about Which the casing 42rturnsfin the frame 53. A rod ,59 placed in alignment With the axis of rotation about which the casing 48 turns in the frame 56 carries the sliding Weight 60 serving for compensating for the eifect of the diurnal movement upon Athe horizon indicating gyro# sco e. f Y 1 "lphe frame 10 is provided at its upper part with a circular toothedl plate 61 as Well as devices for rectifyingthe indicating or veriiyinggyroscopes.

A cylindrical sleeve 62pr'ovided .on this plate is adapted to turn'about a vertical axis situated in alignment with the yaxis of rotation about Which the frame 53 turns in -its guides. The friction ofthepivot 54 is practically annulled by applying a suiiicient tension upon the cable 63 connecting thecentre of the trunnion 55 to the centre vofthe cover of the sleeve 62. .zA certain amount ovtorsion may be givento this cable in either direction by the observer at the graduated disk 41 by means oftheivormA 64 (Figs.1=and 6)..whic'h is actuatedlby means of the chain `65 andthe milled nut 66, thev common support 67 of these three last mentioned members being. in- 'tegral With .the plate 61 .j .l

Y About the soft iron cylinder 1043mounted at'the upper part ofthe casing 48 are'adapted to turn the electromagnets 68, 69, 7 0 and 71 (Fig.r6) attached tothe branches of the sup# port'72 secured tothe shaft v7 3 vwhich passes through vthe plate f 61- following a line Which is practically in alignment With 'thefaxis of the horizon indicating g'yroscope. The support 72 preserves a fixed orientation relatively to the hull on account of the engagement ol the Wheel 74 vsecured to the shaft-73 With/the intermediate Wheel 75 the shaftA of Which turns ireely""in the plate 61, which Wheel 75 is itself driven by the Wheel 76 secured to the kpost 9, the Wheels 74 and-.7 6 comprising the same number of teeth. f

The casing 1 carries'tWoV slope indicators one arranged inthe longitudinal direction of the vessel and the other in a direction transverse to the latter. i f `These longitudinal and transverse slope'indicators each comprise: a pedestal 77 pivotal# ly mounted upon the casing 1 by means of the hinge 78, a kscrew 79 passing through the pedestal in a vertical direction and `forming a foot, a closed glass tube 80 containing a liquid and a ball 81, an electrical motor 82 communicating a movement of continuous rotaf tion to the tube by means of the reduction gearing 83, whereby said ball81 has rolling contact .with tube 80. y y

The ,longitudinal slope indicator "(Figs. 14 and 17, 13 and 11) is completed'by a device recording the speed ofthe vessel given by-alog. A stylo needle 84 traces the curve of this speed upon` a band of transparent paper 85 which unvvinds beneath the circular glass plate 86` at a practically constant speed obtainedv byrmeans of a clock mechanism. The glass plate 86 is provided with a set of straight parallel lines; it -may be placed in any direction for which purpose vits. toothed mounting 87 engages with the strength of which is proportionalto the speed of travel, a current the strengthof which is,V proportional lto the angular speed of turnfl y ing of thevessel flowing into the otherwinding.

is observed throughA a circular V'glassplatefQO provided with a diametral referencefnne 911.

tion relatively to the: points of compass, the toothedV mounting ,92 ofA the glass -platel ren# The needle orjpointer,i89 of thisrapparat'us vThe latter maybe made tooccupyeany direc gaging for this purpose with the pinion 9 3 keyed uponthe actuatingscreiv 7 9. l

Currentpdistributors 94 and 9.5 Vcarried by the casing 1 and operated by the observer 5 watching thel Slope indicators enable .the eleetromagnets' 68,69, 7 0 and 7l to be Supplied.

The frame 4isA adapted to carry lfor eX,-

' ample a toothed sector 96 adapted to r`actuate a .distant indication or distant eoutroi' trans- L0 mission-system 97 securedto the hull, and yanother toothed sectorfl98 actuating a distant indication or distant control transmission system 99 provided upon the support 3. `1lhe latter-may also carry a tachoineter 100 and a distant indication or distant control trans- Y mission apparatus y101 actuated by they circulartoothed band of the plate 61. Y e

Finally a graduated ring'102, secured to the `support 3' and a pointer 103 attached to the support 67 enable the orientation of the 2s at a .very .Small distance from and preferably beneath the point of fintersectionkof the two axes about which the frame 4 turns.

The Working of this apparatus necessitates the co-operation VofV several operators each en having a'de'l'inite duty to perform.

An observer Whose duty is to effect the compensation for orientation relatively to the points of compass occupies the seat17. HeV

first turns the frame 10 by restraining the lever 26 against vertical' movement and ac- Y tuating the hand Wheel 3,8' in order to bring the line of sightin a north and south direction tof-Whi'chhe must keep very closely; "He makes use vforvthis purpose of the indication given by the head indicator device and the control lgivenV by pointer 103. By means of the telescope 39 he takes a sighton 'the kdatum mark 40 inthe form o-f la cross upon the graduated disk 41. He brings the image of tlie'vertical line of this datum Vmark intocoinc'idence with `the vertical Wire of the telescope by eXe'rting upon the lever 26' pressuresl orpulls vin a. vertical direction'.

yHe also-seeks to superpose .the image of the horizontal line of the datum mark upon the horizontal Wire kof the teiescopeby suitably rotatingthe mil-led G6. lf'as a result of the natural precessions the'.y lever 26 talaesfup an inconvenientposition on account lof the 'fact .that it isV too'far from its [ine-an ypos'itionftlie :observer lpreduces a rcorrecting .or-.compensating .precessrion. :by suit-V able .actuationsr of the hand Wheel 38..

Two operators whose duty is to compensate `with regard to horizonoccupy the seats 18 and 1r9gand sight Vrthrough the telescopes 43 and v44 upon the' horizontal datum marks 45 provided :upon the graduated :disks 416 475 'They/make the images .of "these datum marks .coincide with the horizontal Wires...of

the telescopespby actuatingfbysuitable impulses, thele'vers 27 and 28.

.Afourth operator .is charged with the. duty l .observes a slope in a longitudinal direction and yone or theother of the electromagnets 6,9 and 7l 'when a'slope in the. 'direction trans-A verse to the ship is indicated.

He sets on theone hblld the set of parallel straight lines upon the glass'plate .86 into a direction tangential to the last part of the y.curve tracedupon the band ,85 and on the other hand moves the reference mark 9.1 upon the glass plate into the direction .of the needle 89,-

It is to be noted that one of the currents .supplying the apparatus With a double Wind- .ing may be provided by an electrical tachornT eter, suchas .100, measuring the speed of turning of .the hull ,about the verticaland` .consequently the angular speed of turning yof the vessel, the. vother current having if desired the same source of supply as .the current supplying the apparatus registering .the speed in thediizection oftrauel-.- Y Y v.Thebase correction of the transverse slope indicatoris thus; proportional to the productoV, that is .to say to .thecentrifugal force due to the turning of the vessel, which force 'isnot periodic and is applied rvto the mass, in the saine ivay as gravit and'is capable .of falsifyingthe indication ofthe vertical lin aplan pei-.- pendicular to thedirection ,of'traveL l Y.On the other v'hand the ,base correction of .the

longitudinal .slope-indicator isy found to be proportional to the inclination `of the ,tangent to the `eurue obtained by plotting speed of travel against time, that is -to say tothe acceleration in .the traizeifingspeed, which foi-ins the only ferceactingupon the mass., in the samen-aves the toi-.ice of gravity, and capable ,of falsifying the'indication of the vertical in a plane;parallelxto'thewdirection ,of travel.

It is therefore sufficient to give to the .correating1v or .compensating :apparatus de# scribed above suitable constants in .order'to obtain the desired compensation lfor the ef fects of inertia upon' the slope indicators.

. Ast-he rectification `or readjnstment .of the horizon `indicating :gyroseope must. be prel.'

Y lag'and consequent-lyneeessitate .on the part of the fourth operator neither too .careful vob.- servations nortoo. rapidlnoueinents. Having vrio-W :particularlydescribed and as.- ce-rtained the natureof my'said invention and in what manner thesame is to be:performed,I

Yall() prising the combination of a table gyroscopically stabilized in a horizontal plane, a table carried by said first-named table and gyroscopically stabilized in azimuth, and manually operable means for compensating said tables for observed deflections thereof.

2. Apparatus of the class described comprising in combination a table, gyroscopic stabilizing means for maintaining said table in a horizontal plane, a table carried by said firstnamed table and movable in azimuth relative thereto, gyroscopic stabilizing means for maintaining said second-named table in predetermined orientation in azimuth, and manually operable means for applying couples to each of said stabilizing gyroscopic means to compensate for deflections of said tables.

3. Apparatus of the class described comprising in combination atable gyroscopically stabilized in a horizontal plane, a table carried by said rst-named table and gyroscopically stabilized in azimuth, deflection indicating means for said tables, and means for applying compensating couples to said tables in accordance with the observed deflections.

4. Apparatus of the class described comprising in combination a support, a table universally mounted thereon and gyroscopically stabilized in a horizontal plane, a table carried by said first-named table and gyroscopically stabilized in azimuth, manually operable means for compensating said tables for ob-l served deflections thereof, and means for indicating relative displacements of said firstnamed table and said support.

5. Apparatus of the class described comprising a support, a table universallymounted thereon and stabilized in a horizontal plane, a second table carried by said first table and gyroscopically stabilized in azimuth,

means indicating deflections of said tables, means for compensating said tables for o bserved deflections,'and means for transmit- 4ting relative displacements of said firstnamed table and support to a distance.

6. Apparatus ofthe class described comprising a table gyroscopically stabilized ina horizontal plane, a table mounted on sai-d rst-,named table and gyroscopically stabimeans, means whereby the indicated deflections may be observed, and meansl forcompensating said tables for indicated deflections.

8. Apparatus of the class described comprising two tables, gyroscopic means for stabilizing one of said tables ina horizontal plane and the other in azimuth, gyroscopic means mounted on one of said tables for indicating both vertical and azimuthal deflections of said tables, and means for applying couples to said gyroscopic stabilizing means to compensate for observed deflections.

9. Apparatus of the class described comprising a table mounted for universal movement, a stabilizing gyroscope carried thereby having a vertical axis, a second table mounted on said first table for rotation in azimuth, a gyroscope carried by said secondtable and having a horizontal axis, a pair of deflectionindicating gyroscopes carried by said second table and having respectively vertical and horizontal axes, and means for compensating said tables for vertical and azimutlial deflections thereof.

10. Apparatus of the class described comprising a table mounted for universal movement, a gyroscope for stabilizing said table in a horizontal plane, a second table conjugate-d withsaid first table and movable in azimuth relatively thereto, a gyroscope for stabilizing said second table in azimuth, a

pair of deflection-indicating gyroscopes mounted'on said second table and having respectively vertical and horizontal axes, means for'inaintaining said axes in vertical and horizontal positions regardless of -deflections 'of said tables, and meansfor compensating said tables for deflections thereofjf.

11. In apparatus of thejclass described, a table stabilized in a horizontal plane and in azimuth, a pair of gyroscopes mountedon said table, one having a vertical axis and the other a horizontal axis, reference marks on said gyroscopes, the displacement of said marksv indicating deflections of said table, and meansJ whereby said marks may be'observed, and" i llO means for compensating said table for observed deiiections thereo v 13. In apparatus of the class described, a table stabilized iny a horizontal plane andin azimuth, a gyroscope universally mounted thereon having a horizontal `axis of rotation, a reference mark on said gyroscope, an eyepiece whereby said mark may be observed, means for applying a couple tending to rotate said gyro'scope about a vertical axis in either direction, and means for rotating said table in accordance with the indications of said reference mark. s

14. In. apparatus of the class described, a table stabilize-f1. in a horizontal plane and in azimuth avgyroscope universally mounted thereon and having a horizontal. axis, of rotation, a reference mark on said gyroscope, an eyepiece whereby said mark may be observed, a vertical wire attachedfto said gyroscope,7 and means for torsioningsaid wire.

l l5lv lnapparatusof the class described, a table stabilized in, a horizontal plane andy in azimuth, a gyroscope universally mounted thereon and. having,- a vertical axis of rotation, a reference mark on; said gyroscope an eyepiece whereby said mark may be observed,E means for tilting said vertical axis, and means for tilting said ,table in accordance with indicationsot said reference mark.,

V116".4 Inappar'atus of the class described, a table stabilize-d in a horizontal plane and in azimuth, a gyroscope universally mounted thereon andhaving a vertical axis of rotation, a pair' of reference marksv on said gyroscope, a pair of' eyepieces at right angles whereby said marks may be observed, and electromagnetic means for' tilting said axis of rotation whereby said gyroscope is maintained in a horizontal plane.v

lln apparatusy of the class described, a table stabilized in a horizontal plane and in azimuth, a gyroscopevuniversally mounted thereon and-having, a vertical rotating shaft, reference marks on said gyroseope, eyepieces whereby said marks `maybe observed, and means for maintaining said gyroscope in a horizontal plane comprising a plurality of electro-magnets disposed about said shaft and" adapted to-tilt saidfshaftY in the desired direction.

181, Apparatus of the class described com-` prising a, table mounted for universal movement, a-gyroscope for stabilizing said table 1n al horizontal plane,v a .second table conjugatedl with said first table and movable in azimuth relatively thereto, a gyroscope for stabilizing said second table in azimuth, an orientation-indicating gyroscope universally mounted on said second table and rotating about a horizontal axis, means for maintainsaid axis in a horizontaly plane, a horizon indicating g-yroscopeuniversally mounted on said second table and4 rotating about a vertical axis, means for maintainingv said last-named axis vertical, means whereby deiiections ofV said orientation-indicating and `horizon-indicating gyroscopes relative to said second table may be observed, and means i'or compensating said conjugated tables `tor said observedv deflections. Y

- 19. Apparatus ofthe class described coniprising a support, a table universally mounted thereon, a gyroscope for stabilizing table in a horizontal plane, a second table conjugated with said iirst table and movable inazimuth yrelatively thereto, a gyroscope for stabilizing said second table in azimuth, an orientation-indicating gyroscope. universally mountedV on said second tion-indicating and horizonfindicating gyr0- scopes relative to vsaid second table may beobservech means for compensating said conlugated tables for said observed deflect1ons and means. interposed between saidiirst table and support. for transmitting relative displacements tov a distance;

20. In. apparatus of the class described, av tabler stabilized in a horizontal. plane, a second table carried by said iirst table and stabilized in azimuth, a gyroscopel mounted on said second table having horizontal reterence marks, means for precessing` said gyroscope to maintain it in a horizontal plane, and means indicating the direction of precession to be given to saidl gyroscope including a slope-indicator mounted on said iirst table.

2l. ln apparatus of the class described,y a table stabilized in a horizontal plane, a secondy table carried by said tirst tablev andV stabilizedin azimutlna gyroscope mounted on said second table having horizontal reference marks, meanstor precessing said gyroscope to maintain it in a horizontal plane, and means indicating the direction ot procession to be given to said gyroscope includinga pair of slope-indicators mounted on said first table al; right angles to one another. i

22. ln apparatus of the class described,

a table stabilized in a horizontal plane, a

second table carried by said first table and stabilized in azimuth, a gyroscope mounted on said second table having horizontal reference marks, means for precessing 'said gyroscope to maintain it in a horizontal plane, and means indicating the direction of procession tobe given to said gyroscope including a pair of slope-indicators mounted on said first table, one oit said indicators indicating transverse deflections of said table proportional to the centrifugal force of turning of the vessel, and the other ot said indicators indicating longitudinal deflections of said table proportional to the acceleration in speed oi travel ol' the vessel.

28. In apparatus of the class described., a table stabilized in avhorizontal plane` a second table carried by said first table and stabilized in azimuth, a gyroscope mounted on said second table having horizontal reference marks, means for processing said gyroscope to maintain 1t ma horizontal plane, means indicating the direction of procession to, be,

given tofsaid gyroscope including Slopeindicator, means interposed between said firstand second tables for transmitting a currentr proportionalr to the relative angular velocity to said indicator, and means for transmitting a current proportional to the linear speed of the vessel to said indicator.

24. In apparatus of the class described, a table stabilized in a horizontal plane, a second table carried by said rst table and stabilized in azimuth, a gyroscope mounted on said second table having horizontal reference marks, means for prccessing said gyroscope to maintain it in a horizontal plane, means indicating the direction of precession to be given to said gyroscope including a` slope-indicator, means for transmitting a current proportional to the velocity of the vessel to said indicator, and means for correcting said indi- 'cator proportionally to the acceleration lin said velocity.

25. In apparatus of the class described, the combination with a gyroscope mounted for universal movement and normally rotating in a horizontal plane and a gyroscope car ried by said first-named gyroscope and normally rotating inv a vertical plane, of compensating means external to said apparatus and operatively connected therewith to compensate said gyroscopes in accordance with observed deflections from said planes.

26. In apparatus of the class described, the combination with an apparatus mounted for universal movement and comprising a u pair of gyroscopes, one normally rotating in a horizontal plane and the other in a vertical plane, of compensating means external to said apparatus and operatively connected therewith to compensate said gyroscopes in accordance with observed deflections from said planes, and means indicating the relative displacements of said gyroscopes from the horizontal and in azimuth.

27. In apparatus of the class described, the I combination with an apparatus mounted :tor universal movement and comprising a pair of gyroscopes, one normally rotating in a horizontal plane and the other in a vertical plane, of compensating means external to said apparatus and operatively connected therewith to compensate the same in accordance with observed detlections ofV said gyroscopes from said planes.

28. In apparatus of the class described, the combination with an apparatus mounted for movement and comprising gyroscopic stabilizing means, of indicating means marking deviations of said apparatus from normal stabilized position and compensating mea-nseXternal to said apparatus Vand operatively connected therewith to compensate said apparatus in accordance with indicated deviations thereof.

29.' In apparatus of the class described, the

combination with an apparatus mount-ed for movement and comprising gyroscopic stabilizing means, of indicating means marking deviations of said apparatus from normal stabilized position and compensating means eX- specification.

JEAN FIEUX. 

